DX-399 Shortwave Receiver
(200-0229)                 Hints and Tips             Faxback Doc. # 57598

Listening Hints

Short-wave listening is a hobby with thousands of participants worldwide.  
It requires no special knowledge or skills, but your enjoyment increases 
as you gain experience and develop special listening techniques.  The 
information in this section can help you make the most of your DX-399.

Reference Sources

Many books and magazines about short-wave listening are available through 
your local library or newsstand.  Consult sources such as the World Radio 
Handbook, Radio Amateur's Handbook, Passport to World Band Radio,
Monitoring Times and Popular Communications.  These publications can help 
you learn about the conditions that make long-distance reception possible 
and provide up-to-date listings for short-wave broadcasts in English and 
in other languages.

Frequency Conversion

A band is a group of frequencies.  Bands are grouped according to their 
wavelengths and measured in meters.  A station's tuning location can be 
expressed as a frequency (kHz or MHz) or in wavelength (meters).

Amateur radio operators generally refer to the frequencies they operate on 
using the frequency's wavelength.  For example, the 19-meter band refers 
to the range of frequencies with waves about 19 meters long.

Use the following equations to convert kHz, MHz, and meters.

  1 MHz (million) = 1,000 kHz (thousand)

To convert MHz to kHz, multiply the number of MHz by 1,000.

  9.62 MHz x 1000 = 9,620 kHz

To convert kHz to MHz, divide the number of kHz by 1,000.

  2780 kHz / 1000 = 2.780 MHz

To convert MHz to meters, divide 300 by the number of MHz.

  300 / 7.1 MHz = 42.25 meters

To convert meters to MHz, divide 300 by the number of meters.

  300 / 42.25 meters = 7.1 MHz

Band Allocations

Certain bands are set aside for specific purposes.  Commercial broadcasts 
are found in the following short-wave bands.  Programs (often in English) 
usually contain news, commentaries, music, and special features reflecting 
the culture of the broadcasting country.  Reception for this range is best 
between 6:00 PM and midnight (your time).

          Band (in meters)      Frequency Range (in MHz)

               120*                2.300 - 2.495

                90*                3.200 - 3.400

                75*                3.900 - 4.000

                60*                4.750 - 5.060

                49                 5.900 - 6.200

                41**               7.100 - 7.350

                31                 9.400 - 9.900

                25                11.600 - 12.100

                21                13.570 - 13.870

                19                15.100 - 15.800

                16                17.480 - 17.900

                13                21.450 - 21.750

                11                25.600 - 26.100

*  These bands are reserved for stations in tropical areas.

** Interference is heavy in the 41m band (7.00 - 7.300 MHz) because
   amateur radio operators and international stations share this range.

Time Standard Frequencies

The following frequencies announce the exact time of day at specified 
intervals. 

           WWV in Fort Collins, Colorado  2.500 kHz 
                                          5,000 kHz
                                         10,000 kHz
                                         15,000 kHz
                                         20,000 kHz

           CHU in Canada                  7,335 kHz

           VNG in Australia               4,500 kHz
                                         12,000 kHz

Longwave Band

The 150 - 540 kHz range is known as the longwave band.  Most stations in 
this range serve as beacons for aircraft and marine navigation by 
continuously transmitting their call letters.  Reception for this range is 
best between 6:00 PM and midnight (your time).  Some ships also use this 
range, with 500 kHz set aside as an international distress and emergency 
station.  Most stations in this range use CW (Morse code), although some 
use AM voice transmission for weather broadcasts.

Listening Guide

The following list contains some of the most popular stations.  All 
stations broadcast in English unless otherwise specified.  You can hear 
these stations throughout North America.  However, reception varies based 
on the season, time of day, and a number of other conditions.

This information can change at any time.  For sources of yearly, up to
date listings, see "Reference Sources" above.

kHz       Station          Location              Remarks

3,223     Radio SR         Swaziland

3,265     Radio            Maputo,              
          Mozambique       Mozambique

3,300     Radio Cultural   Guatemala City,       Religious Programs
                           Guatemala

3,380     Radio Iris       Esmeraldas,           Programs in Spanish
                           Ecuador

3,385     FR3              Cayenne, French       Programs in French
                           Guiana

3,396     Radio Kaduna     Kaduna, Nigeri

4,750     Radio Bertoua    Bertoua, Cameroon

4,755     Imo Regional     Imo, Nigeria
          Radio

4,777     Radio/TV Gabon   Libreville Gabon      Programs in French

4,795     Radio Nueva      La Paz, Bolivia       Programs in Spanish
          America

4,820     Radio Paz y      Ambala, Ecuador       Programs in Spanish
          Bien

4,832     Radio Reloj      San Jose,             Programs in Spanish
                           Costa Rica

4,855     Radio Clube do   Belem, Brazil         Programs in Portuguese
          Para

4,890     National         Papua New Guinea
          Broadcasting         
          Commission

4,915     Voice Kenya      Nairobi, Kenya

4,920     Australian       Brisbane,          
          Broadcasting     Australia
          Commission

4,945     Radio Colossal   Neiva, Columbia       Programs in Spanish

4,965     Radio Santa Fe   Bogota, Columbia      Programs in Spanish

4,980     Ecos del Torbes  San Cristobal,        Programs in Spanish
                           Venezuela

5,020     Solomon Islands  Honiara, 
          Broadcasting     Solomon Islands
          Service

5,057     Radio            Gjirokaster,          Programs in Albanian
          Gjirokaster      Albania

5,950     Guyana           Georgetown,
          Broadcasting     Guyana
          Service

5,954     Radio Casino     Puerto Limon, 
                           Costa Rica

5,960     Radio Canada     Montreal, Canada
          International

5,980     Radio RSA        Johannesburg,
                           South Africa

6,005     CFCX             Montreal, Canada

6,025     Radio            Kuala Lumpur,         Programs in Chinese
          Malaysia         Malaysia

6,045     Radio            Lyndhurst
          Australia        Australia

6,055     Nihon            Tokyo, Japan          Programs in Japanese
          Shortwave 
          Broadcasting
          Company

6,060     Radio            Buenos Aires,         Programs in Spanish
          Nacional         Argentina 

6,075     Radio            Bogota,               Programs in Spanish
          Sutatenza        Colombia 

6,090     Radio            Ville Louvigny,
          Luxembourg       Luxembourg

6,095     Polskie          Warsaw, Poland
          Radio

6,105     Radio New        Wellington,
          Zealand          New Zealand

7,140     Trans World      Monte Carlo,
          Radio            Monaco

7,170     Radio Noumea     Noumea,               Programs in French
                           New Caledonia 

7,300     Radio Tirana     Tirana, Albania

9,475     Radio Cairo      Cairo, Egypt

9,515     Voice of Greece  Athens, Greece

9,525     Radio Korea      Seoul, South Korea

9,530     Spanish          Madrid, Spain
          Foreign Radio

9,535     Swiss Radio      Berne, Switzerland
          International

9,540     Radio Prague     Prague,
                           Czech Republic

9,570     Radio,           Bucharest,
          Bucharest        Romania

9,575     Italian Radio    Rome, Italy
          and Television
          Service

9,610     Radio-TV         Algiers, Algeria      Programs in Arabic
          Algeria 

9,620     Radio Berlin     Berlin, Germany
          International

9,645     Radio Norway     Oslo, Norway

9,720     Radio Iran       Tehran, Iran          Programs in Farsi

9,745     HCJB             Quito, Ecuador

9,770     Austrian Radio   Vienna, Austria

9,800     Radio Kiev       Kiev, Ukraine

9,835     Radio Budapest   Budapest, Hungary

10,040    Voice of         Hanoi, Vietnam
          Vietnam

11,655    Israel Radio     Jerusalem, Israel

11,690    Radio Kuwait     Kuwait City, Kuwait

11,705    Radio Sweden     Stockholm, Sweden

11,720    Radio Moscow     Moscow, Russia

11,735    Radio Sofia      Sofia, Bulgaria

11,745    Voice of Free    Taipei, Taiwan
          China

11,815    Radio Japan      Tokyo, Japan

11,825    Radio Tahiti     Papeete, Tahiti       Programs in Tahitian

11,835    4VEH             Cap Haitian, Haiti

11,845    Radio Canada     Montreal, Canada
          International

11,850    Deutsche Welle   Cologne, Germany

11,890    Voice of Chile   Santiago, Chile

11,900    Radio RSA        Johannesburg,
                           South Africa

11,910    BBC              London, England

11,930    Radio Havana     Havana, Cuba
          Cuba

11,935    Radio Portugal   Lisbon, Portugal

11,945    Radio Beijing    Beijing, China

11,955    Voice of Turkey  Ankara, Turkey

11,980    Radio Moscow     Moscow, Russia

15,038    Saudi Arabian    Riyadh, Saudi         Programs in Arabic
          Broadcasting     Arabia
          Service

15,084    Voice of Iran    Tehran, Iran          Programs in Farsi

15,135    Radio Moscow     Moscow, Russia

15,165    HCJB             Quito, Ecuador

15,190    ORU              Brussels, Belgium

15,205    All India Radio  New Delhi, India

15,260    BBC              London, England

15,265    Finnish Radio    Helsinki, Finland

15,275    Radio Sweden     Stockholm, Sweden

15,305    Swiss Radio      Berne, Switzerland
          International

15,310    Radio Japan      Tokyo, Japan

15,320    Radio Australia  Melbourne, Australia

15,400    BBC              London, England

15,430    Radio Mexico     Mexico City, Mexico   Programs in Spanish

15,465    Radio Pakistan   Islamabad, Pakistan   Programs in Urdu

17,720    Radio France     Paris, France
          International

17,825    Vatican Radio    Vatican City

17,860    Austrian Radio   Vienna, Austria

21,495    Israel Radio     Jerusalem, Israel

21,525    Radio Australia  Melbourne, Australia

21,625    Israel Radio     Jerusalem, Israel

21,645     Radio France    Paris, France
           International

21,735     Radio-TV        Rabat, Morocco        Programs in Arabic
           Morocco

25-790     Radio RSA       Johannesburg,
                           South Africa

Birdies

Birdies are the products of internally generated signals that make some 
frequencies difficult or impossible to receive.  If you program one of 
these frequencies, you hear only noise on that frequency.  The most common 
birdies to watch for are listed below.

           450   kHz   18,000 kHz     3,844 kHz    20,490 kHz

           9,000 kHz   21,835 kHz    10,250 kHz    21,868 kHz

Amateur Short-wave Bands In The USA

Amateur radio operators in the USA are found in the following bands.  They 
operate mostly in LSB (Lower Side Band) mode.  Morse code operators are 
generally found in the lower areas of each band.  The ham operators with 
the most advanced classification are found in the upper areas of each band

Amateur Short-wave Bands (in MHz)

         Frequency (in megahertz)           Wavelength (in meters)

            3.500-4.000  MHz                           80 m

           10.100-10.150 MHz                           30 m

           18.068-18.168 MHz                           17 m

           24.890-24.990 MHz                           12 m

            7.000-7.300  MHz                           40 m
 
           14.0-14.350   MHz                           20 m

           21.000-21.450 MHz                           15 m

           28.000-29.700 MHz                           10 m

(BR-EB 11/22/99)

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